Review of Continental Airlines organizational structure Essay Example for Free

Review of Continental Airlines organizational structure Essay 1.Does the organizational design of this corporation help or hinder it in achieving its organizational goals? Continental Airlines utilizes a divisional structure relative to the management of its various entities. This structural design is due to the complex nature of the aviation industry as well as the autonomy required in operating a twenty-four hour a day, seven day per week worldwide business. In my opinion, the structural design of this organization with the exception of Continental Express and Continental Micronesia can really not be structured in any other way, and therefore should be considered helpful. The airline business is an incredibly tough business as it is. The costs of operations in relation to profit per passenger mile are very low. This airline and its management team have emerged from bankruptcy and now fly the newest fleet of aircraft in the sky today. Chairman and CEO Gordon Bethune with his years of experience in the aviation industry have afforded the opportunity for Continental to receive more awards for customer satisfaction than any other airline. Obviously, this is a far cry from the pre-bankruptcy days of this airline which now proudly stands as an industry leader. (No, I do not work, nor have I ever worked in the airline industry). The organizational structures leadership includes various notables that have grown up within the industry filling various leadership positions for other airlines. It seems as though Mr. Bethune has installed an incredibly capable team to steer this company into the future. I carved out Continental Express and Micronesia since they are basically licensed businesses that fly under the Continental flag. Their existence within the Continental family does provide routes to smaller and far-eastern destinations but are independently managed and therefore not considered (by me) as anything more than a profit center on the organizational chart. 2.If you were to change this organization, what issues would you need to consider and why? What would be the advantages and disadvantages of organizational change? If I had the ability and experience to effect change for this organization, the first issue I would consider would be consolidation of the airlines in  general. I address this issue because I do not necessarily feel that consolidation is all that its cracked up to be. Bigger airlines mean bigger bureaucracy and smaller profit potential. Both of these translate to decreased customer satisfaction as well as the potential for employee dissatisfaction. Mr. Bethune prides himself in being one of the people, he is often seen walking in the terminal, shaking hands and recognizing employees for doing an outstanding job. As a rated company pilot, he is also seen on the flight deck of the occasional 757 or 777. It is hard to imagine how the current structure could be improved beyond what it already is. He is leading by example as a leader should. Should airline consolidation continue, the main advantage would be for the traveling public. The customer could potentially book a trip around the world simply by calling the Continental reservation line. Until that customer shows up for the trip to commence, he may not even realize that hes not even on a Continental flight. Thats the beauty of being big. The trip might be made up of legs flown by Northwest connecting to Varig connecting to Delta connecting to Qantas, etc. This seamless travel experience for the customer should be considered as an upside to consolidation. The main disadvantage might possibly be that the customer has no idea who to call when things go wrong. He might be stranded in a foreign land after his connection with China Airlines cancelled and hes not sure of whom to contact to get back on track. The second issue I might consider would be mandatory retirement of pilots once they reach their sixtieth birthday. Organizationally, this federally mandated policy weakens the organization. My best and most experienced pilots are being forced out of my company. If this policy is unchangeable, I must find a way to keep this incredible resource happy and employed in some form or fashion that augments my existing infrastructure. This disadvantage to my organization structure is a hurdle that is out of my control but directly affects the bottom line relative to people and organizational power. Reference: www.continental.com/company/investor.governance.asp

Essay --

The movie Sherrybaby depicts a young woman struggling to pick up her life where it left off after being released from prison. She tries to rebuild her life but encounters many obstacles along the way. She tries to rekindle the relationship with her daughter Alexis, while battling to stay clean from her heroin addiction. She also seems to have a difficult time forming relationships with people in her halfway home and using her sexuality to get her way in the work field. She is in over her head as she tries to jump right into where she left off three years ago. Despite her positive attitude, we witness the challenges she faces with low self-esteem, substance abuse, and the guilt of leaving her daughter Alexis to be raised by her brother and sister in law. In the very beginning of the film when trying establish the fundamental things necessary to get her life back on back, we see how she uses her sexual appeal to get what she wants. When speaking with her parole officer, Sherry tries to use her good looks in persuading him to see her family in New Jersey. After he quickly picks up on this, dissatisfied Sherry sulks using the excuse that she hasn’t seen her daughter in years. â€Å"Indeed family contact was the key motivator stated by participants for maintaining their recovery† (Duffy & Baldwin, 2013). Perhaps her parole having dealt with similar cases to Sherry saw the effects family isolationism had on recovery. It is clear that he is not in on her game but still, he allows her to go see her brother and daughter. Arriving at her new home Sherry is introduced to the director of the halfway home where we find the two of them in the basement sexually involved. Once again, we see Sherry using her good looks when try ing to ge... ...ug use, recovery from use and personal identity† (Brener, Hippel, & Hippel, 2012). Sherry does acknowledge her addiction and does want to get clean. This theory could be useful in predicting future drug use among people who are attempting to quit and who is likely to complete treatment. She soon discovers things are not so easy or as expected. Sherry realizes during her first true parenting experience that she is not quite able to handle life on her own just yet. In order for Sherry to have a chance at rekindling her relationship with daughter Alexis, she must be willing to accept her weaknesses and accept the past. As the film unravels, it is evident she has issues from her past that are kept at bay reflecting on where she is in life. It is Sherry’s desire to change that will ultimately determine whether she gets second chance at life.

Hofstede analysis Essay

1. Power distance: the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. 2. Individualism- the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. 3. Masculinity / Femininity-The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine).†¨ 4. Uncertainty avoidance – The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these †¨ 5. Long term orientation- the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view. Power distance Thailand scores 64 on PDI index, slightly lower than the average Asian countries (71). It is a society in which inequalities are accepted; a strict chain of command and protocol are observed. Each rank has its privileges and employees show loyalty, respect and deference for their superiors in return for protection and guidance. This may lead to paternalistic management.†¨Thus, the attitude towards managers are more formal, the information flow is hierarchical and controlled. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Individualism With a score of 20 Thailand is a highly collectivist country. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member ‘group’ (a family, extended family, or extended relationships). Loyalty to the in-group in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group.†¨In order to preserve the in-group, Thai are not confrontational and in there communication a â€Å"Yes† may not mean an acceptance or agreement. An offence leads to loss of face and Thai are very sensitive not to feel shamed in front of their group. Personal relationship is key to conducting business and it takes time to build such relations thus patience is necessary as well as not openly discuss business on first occasions. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Masculinity / Femininity Thailand scores 34 on this dimension and is thus considered a feminine society. Thailand has the lowest Masculinity ranking among the average Asian countries of 53 and the World average of 50. This lower level is indicative of a society with less assertiveness and competitiveness, as compared to one where these values are considered more important and significant. This situation also reinforces more traditional male and female roles within the population.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Uncertainty avoidance Thailand scores 64 on this dimension indicating a preference for avoiding uncertainty. †¨In order to minimize or reduce this level of uncertainty, strict rules, laws, policies, and regulations are adopted and implemented. The ultimate goal of this population is to control everything in order to eliminate or avoid the unexpected. As a result of this high Uncertainty Avoidance characteristic, the society does not readily accept change and is very risk adverse. Change has to be seen for the greater good of the in-group. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Long term orientation With a score of 56 Thailand is a Long Term Oriented culture though not as much as for most Asian countries. †¨LTO is manifest on their respect for tradition and inequality between people. †¨Amongst the values that are praised, working hard and having a sense of moderation are dominant. The investment in personal relationships and network is paramount. Protecting one’s face is key and a protocol in their non confrontational behavior.†¨Their concern is not to look for one truth which helps them be flexible and pragmatic in negotiations.†¨Thai favor long term oriented perspective and thus Thailand deadlines and timescales are fluid.

Probability of a Small Straight in Yahtzee in One Roll

Yahtzee is a dice game that uses five standard six-sided dice. On each turn, players are given three rolls to obtain several different objectives. After each roll, a player may decide which of the dice (if any) are to be retained and which are to be rerolled. The objectives include a variety of different kinds of combinations, many of which are taken from poker. Every different kind of combination is worth a different amount of points. Two of the types of combinations that players must roll are called straights: a small straight and a large straight. Like poker straights, these combinations consist of sequential dice. Small straights employ four of the five dice and large straights use all five dice. Due to the randomness of the rolling of dice, the probability can be used to analyze how likely it is to roll a small straight in a single roll. Assumptions We assume that the dice used are fair and independent of one another. Thus there is a uniform sample space consisting of all possible rolls of the five dice. Although Yahtzee allows three rolls, for simplicity we will only consider the case that we obtain a small straight in a single roll. Sample Space Since we are working with a uniform sample space, the calculation of our probability becomes a calculation of a couple of counting problems. The probability of a small straight is the number of ways to roll a small straight, divided by the number of outcomes in the sample space. It is very easy to count the number of outcomes in the sample space. We are rolling five dice and each of these dice can have one of six different outcomes. A basic application of the multiplication principle tells us that the sample space has 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 65 7776 outcomes. This number will be the denominator of the fractions that we use for our probability. Number of Straights Next, we need to know how many ways there are to roll a small straight. This is more difficult than calculating the size of the sample space. We begin by counting how many straights are possible. A small straight is easier to roll than a large straight, however, it is harder to count the number of ways of rolling this type of straight. A small straight consists of exactly four sequential numbers. Since there are six different faces of the die, there are three possible small straights: {1, 2, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 4, 5} and {3, 4, 5, 6}. The difficulty arises in considering what happens with the fifth die. In each of these cases, the fifth die must be a number that does not create a large straight. For example, if the first four dice were 1, 2, 3, and 4, the fifth die could be anything other than 5. If the fifth die was a 5, then we would have a large straight rather than a small straight. This means that there are five possible rolls that give the small straight {1, 2, 3, 4}, five possible rolls that give the small straight {3, 4, 5, 6} and four possible rolls that give the small straight {2, 3, 4, 5}. This last case is different because rolling a 1 or a 6 for the fifth die will change {2, 3, 4, 5} into a large straight. This means that there are 14 different ways that five dice can give us a small straight. Now we determine the different number of ways to roll a particular set of dice that give us a straight. Since we only need to know how many ways there are to do this, we can use some basic counting techniques. Of the 14 distinct ways to obtain small straights, only two of these {1,2,3,4,6} and {1,3,4,5,6} are sets with distinct elements. There are 5! 120 ways to roll each for a total of 2 x 5! 240 small straights. The other 12 ways to have a small straight are technically multisets as they all contain a repeated element. For one particular multiset, such as [1,1,2,3,4], we will count the number od different ways to roll this. Think of the dice as five positions in a row: There are C(5,2) 10 ways to position the two repeated elements among the five dice.There are 3! 6 ways to arrange the three distinct elements. By the multiplication principle, there are 6 x 10 60 different ways to roll the dice 1,1,2,3,4 in a single roll. There are 60 ways to roll one such small straight with this particular fifth die. Since there are 12 multisets giving a different listing of five dice, there are 60 x 12 720 ways to roll a small straight in which two dice match. In total there are 2 x 5! 12 x 60 960 ways to roll a small straight. Probability Now the probability of rolling a small straight is a simple division calculation. Since there are 960 different ways to roll a small straight in a single roll and there are 7776 rolls of five dice possible, the probability of rolling a small straight is 960/7776, which is close to 1/8 and 12.3%. Of course, it is more likely than not that the first roll is not a straight. If this is the case, then we are allowed two more rolls making a small straight much more likely. The probability of this is much more complicated to determine because of all of the possible situations that would need to be considered.

Dancers Are The Athletes Of God - 1050 Words

â€Å"The very quotable quote, â€Å"Dancers are the athletes of God†, is often used in the dance community to describe the mix of athleticism and spirituality with which dancers dance†(Bryant). There’s not much of a difference in jazz, modern, ballet, and hip hop dancing, just like there’s not much difference in soccer, basketball, baseball and football; both activities have their own purpose. A professional jazz dancer and a professional basketball player will both have their own reasoning as to why they play or dance the specific dance or specific sport but both will explain how much hard work they put into what they are so good at. Athletes who believe dancing is just an activity should reconsider, for when comparing the similar factors in sports and dance it is evident that the two are comparable. When injuries occur, athletes go to their general practitioner or even sports medicine doctor. They are often told to â€Å"stop playing† or may receive instant treatment to get them back on the field. Ronald Smith, a University of Washington psychology professor, said that the injury rate for ballet dancers over an eight-month period was 61 percent; This is comparable to rates found in other studies for athletes in collision sports such as football and wrestling (â€Å"Ballet Dancer Injuries as Common, Severe as Athletic Injuries†). One example of an athletic injury would be sprains and strains. A sprain occurs when the ligament gets overextended or teared while severely stressing a joint;Show MoreRelatedDancers Deserves to Have The Titles of Athletes1247 Words   |  5 PagesAlbert Einstein once said â€Å"Dancers are the athletes of God.† Dancers deserve to have the title of athlete, to start, take a look at the definition of an athlete â€Å"a person train ed or gifted in exercises or contests involving physical agility, stamina, or strength† (dictionary). While dancing requires great artistry, artistry is just one aspect of dance, because there is clearly an athletic side as well. Dancers athletic side is not seen by many because of the reality of what is seen on stage, butRead MoreEssay on Athletic Benefits of Dance1909 Words   |  8 Pagesof muscle and flexibility. What do athletes need to have, all of those characteristics. When it comes to athletes, of any kind, dance can help with honing their skills. Something that most athletes do not seem to understand is that dance is just as much a physical and athletic sport as their sport is. Dance can help in areas that regular conditioning, working out, stretching, and practicing cannot. Dance is not only a sport, but an art. When athletes participate in the arts it makes themRead MoreRitual Dances By Lucile Armstrong1432 Words   |  6 PagesWhen thinking of dance, most people think about ballet such as The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, or even Beauty and the Beast. Dance first started out as a ritual. According to HistoryWorld â€Å"In most ancient civilization, dance before the god is an important element in the temple ritual†. Ritual dancing bring men as they celebrate their necessities. These necessities include food, shelter, safety, and surviving natural disasters. These ritual dances brought the communities together to celebrate their accomplishmentsRead MorePsychological And Emotional Factors Of Anorexia Nervosa1120 Words   |  5 Pagesanorexia. People may feel they have no control over certain situations, but they can control what they eat. Weight changes, increase or decrease, and they way others respond (positive or negative) can also influence. G enetics may play a role. Athletes, actors, dancers and models are at higher risk of anorexia.(2Anorexia Nervosa MayoFoundation) Society and all the images on tv, magazines, etc. promote being skinny. Definitions and Background Data Restrictive type of anorexia nervosa involves extremeRead MoreAnalysis Of Nicolas Belmont s The Prince 1132 Words   |  5 Pagesthing to be down there, but in this school, it s a whole different story. The thing is at Elyria Academy there s a Strict Hierarchy. It s not like a typical social leader where the nerds and outcasts are at the bottom and the cheerleaders and athletes are at the top. It s way different. It s all about money and power. How much you and your family are worth and how much power they have can make a big difference in how you are treated by others. There are five classes in our Social Hierarchy:Read MoreThe Effects Of Sports On Female Athletes2156 Words   |  9 Pagestoday’s society, female athletes still don’t have equal respect to male athletes. In fact, women were excluded from the first Olympic games. Since then, women have come a long way in society to gain the respect that they deserve. Culturally it is the norm to see female athletes sexualized in the media. Unfortunately, the media plays a large role in many inequality concerns. This completely ties in with my major, sport management. It also ties in with the fact that I am a female athlete. Although I am notRead MoreAd Analysis1483 Words   |  6 Pagesreached. The â€Å"Got Milk?† tagline has been integrated in messages across the country such as churches, â€Å"Got God?† cheerleaders, â€Å"Got Spirit?† and even universities, â€Å"Got Whoop?†. The â€Å"Got Milk?† ads have been making a strong campaign for more tha n a decade all over the world, and each year the campaigners branch out to include many well-known celebrities including pop singers, actors, and athletes, Though each ad is different, they all feature the same thing. There is a characteristic â€Å"milk mustache†Read MoreEssay about Politics and the Modern Olympics1984 Words   |  8 PagesOlympic games took place in Greece in the ninth century, b.c.e. to worship the gods, win personal glory, and, most importantly, unite the Greek city-states. At that time, Greece was made up of many small, isolated communities which, as they flourished, sought to dominate the others. The first Olympic games brought them together once every four years, and most of the city-states declared truces to allow the athletes and spectators to make their way to the games without being hurt or killed. TheRead MoreTheatre and Its Double2592 Words   |  11 Pages and he accuses Europe of not having a culture. â€Å"What has lost us culture is our Occidental idea of art and the profits we seek to derive from it† (10). He then praises Mexico for its incorporation of totem; a visual art that also represents the gods. Artaud reiterates what will be a common theme in this work, that to bring about true or pure theatre, one must be rid of language. â€Å"For the theatre as for culture, it remains a question of naming and directing shadows: and the theatre, not confinedRead MoreAn Overview of Ancient Greece2106 Words   |  8 PagesZeus at the Olympic Games. It is said that they were sacrifices held at these games for their gods. The Olympic Games were versions of war. Throwing spearing and stones were representations of battle. If they won they got a ribbon around their head, a palm tree branch to wave around and a olive wreath. The winners were recorded on a statue around Olympia. The winner was worship as some sort of god. Learning Outcome #9: The student will be able to demonstrate an appreciation for aesthetics

A Research On Genetic Engineering - 1111 Words

Genetic Engineering in Humans Andrew Pickard English 122, Semester 1 Mrs. D. Seymour December 19, 2014 Genetic Engineering in Humans I. Insecurity and Disappointments A. Identity Crisis B. The Injury C. Elite Development Program / Re-injury II. Royal Canadian Leadership Camp A. Application B. Black Sheep C. Inspiring Words III. Volunteer Experiences / Inspiring Events A. Steve Nash Youth Basketball B. We Day C. Literacy Mentor Pickard 1 Andrew Pickard Mrs. D. Seymour English 122 19 December 2014 Genetic Engineering in Humans For thousands of years, humanity has selectively bred plants and animals to produce the most favourable results from the fruitful species around us. It has only been a very recent event in our history, however, that we have invented a systematic procedure to ensure the best results in these species. This procedure is called genetic engineering, and has sparked multiple debates among both academics and the public about the ethics behind controlling the outcome of a species. Among all the altercation regarding this relatively new technology, no other topic has brought about more controversy than the use of genetic engineering in humans. Proponents of genetic engineering envision a future where disease, crime, suffering, and infertility have been eliminated - replaced by an enhanced human race better suited to our environment. Opponents fear a nightmarish world where biodiversity and the human genome have been corrupted throughShow MoreRelatedA Research On Genetic Engineering2006 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Hrisstov 11/1/2014 Research Paper Genetic Engineering 1. Introduction Ever wish you could eat pizza and have the same nutrients as fruits or vegetables? Food is something that affects every person on this planet, in more ways than we think. Recent discoveries show that we may be able to eat that slice of pizza and maintain our health. A concept known as genetic engineering has the ability to make foods taste better, increase their nutritional value, and even help solve some of the deadliestRead MoreA Research On Genetic Engineering2106 Words   |  9 PagesGenetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the set of techniques used to manipulate and modify the genetic material of living beings that have been the key to the rapid development of modern biotechnology. Recombination mechanisms provide a limited genetic exchange. Mankind has spent his life correcting the habits of nature to make it to his liking, so that it would be more helpful; Mankind has transformed plants to make them more useful for their crops, has domesticated animals so that theyRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past three decades, scientists have learned how to mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called â€Å"genetic engineering.† Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methodsRead MoreA Research On Genetic Engineering1407 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering is all about genes, which are made of DNA; the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. It is a very broad term that covers a range of techniques that allow for the artificial addition, deletion or rearrangement of sequences of bases in DNA in order to alter the observable form and function of an organism. (Science Group, 2014). G enetic Engineering was first discovered in the 1970s when scientist discovered how toRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering Explain how this technology works. Genetic engineering otherwise called genetic modification and can basically be described as the ‘direct manipulation of an organism’s genome’ which is the complete set of genetic material of an animal, plant or other living thing. This direct manipulation works by using modern DNA technology. This ‘involves the introduction of foreign DNA also known as synthetic genes into the organism of interest’ or curiousity. Genetic engineering does notRead MoreA Research Study On Genetic Engineering1042 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering is using molecular biology methods to modify the genetic information of an organism. Its aims include learning about the biology of an organism and generating new or improved commercial products. Plant biotechnology is manipulating plants specifically to improve agricultural needs. GMOs or genetically modified organisms are organisms modified by genetic engineering to express desirable traits. DNA fragments containing said desirable traits and a means of introducing the DNA toRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Biomedical Research1710 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is the latest experimental practice used in the world of biomedical research. This practice refers to humans modifying an animals’ genetic component in order to express a particular trait (Dale et al). The scientific community calls the animals produced by this practice as tra nsgenic animals in order to distinguish between its wild type relative. This innovative technology paved ways for medical breakthroughs, along with the expansion of human understanding towards the mechanismsRead MoreA Research Study On Genetic Engineering1735 Words   |  7 Pages Genetic Engineering is a fairly new science field that is used to change the genes that can be located inside of a cell, but it brings many problems along with it. Genes give an individual or species a certain set of traits that can determine its appearance on the inside and outside. The genes can be moved between same or even different types of species. This can completely change an organism’s looks or even allow the scientists to create a whole new type of animal. The animal would then beRead MoreA Research Study On Genetic Engineering Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering is a straight use of an organism s genome by the use of biotechnology. New DNA may be inserted into the hos t genome by first and copying the genetic material of interest by the use molecular emulating methods to create a DNA order, or by producing the DNA, and then injecting this concept into the host organism. I think in the future 50 years, the use of hormones can enable the production of higher quality carcasses, and increases the rate of muscle development (Bruce, D., BruceRead MoreAre Studies in Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Research Beneficial?1637 Words   |  7 Pagesof advancements have been made from things such as medicine to something basic as a cell phone. One of the most unacknowledged yet productive methods that has become a possibility and surpasses our expectations is the process of genetic engineering and stem cell research. These studies have proven to be a beneficial part to the way people could live and how they could approach life-threatening diseases. When similar studies are first discussed and publicized they appear to not only be impossible

Cyber-Community and Cyber-Identity-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Cyber-Community and Cyber-Identity. Answer: Undoubtedly one of the greatest inventions in the history of Mankind has been the internet as the ease through which any regular person is able to access it. The way in which people interacted and communicated has been indeed radically changed by the introduction of internet where even telecommunication is possible. The internet which had initially been invented for military used has in the contemporary world become became a general feature of almost all computer devices around the world. As the internet can be easily and widely accessed it has become a significant influence on the society and its individuals. I did not have much knowledge about the significance of cyberidentity and cybercommunity in the contemporary world. In had a perception that cyberidentity and cybercommunity are moderate in nature and do not possess any significant harm to the society. People have been provided a new platform through which they can express their views and find people who have similar perspectiv es as it would be difficult for them to do such activities easily without the use of the internet. According to Roberts Indermaur and Spiranovic (2013) cyber identity or Internet identity is a sort of social identity which uses of the Internet create an established in online websites and communities. Nakamura and Chow (2013) define cyber identity as the actively portrait presentation of one's personality. I thought that people always choose their real names to establish their Internet identity however in reality Internet users also prefer to be using different names and be anonymous through identifying themselves using pseudonyms unrevealing only certain kind of information through which personality can be identified. The relationship of the user with certain social group which they are a part of online can also be used to identify the server identity of a person. Through detailed study on cyber identity I got the knowledge that some people can also be deceptive in relation to their identity on the Internet. In few online context such as online chats massive multiplayer online gam es Internet forums Internet users Virtually represent themselves by selecting an avatar which is a graphical image size of icon. Choosing search avatars maybe a certain kind of way through which the Internet identity is established. Whether or not The Identity established over the Internet can be trusted is derived from the interaction of such identity with other users. The association of Cyber identity and community is mostly through authentication which generally needs login and registration. Tracking cookies and IP address are also used by a few websites to identify users. The principles in relation to Cyber identity and how emerging Technology influences it is a subject area of research in feels like psychology Sociology and education. One of the notable examples is the online this inhibition effect which refers to the concept of uninhibited and advise behavior over the Internet which establishes through audience gratification and anonymity. The Internet provides a space to the users through which they have the possibility of exposing and expressing their identities in a social context. For instance identity is defined by people through creation of user profiles in social networking sites like Twitter LinkedIn or Facebook. More tactic identities are defined when the individuals by providing opinions and blogs over search social networking sites. There may be a certain issues related to privacy with the disclosure of cyber identity. Strategies are adopted by many people through which they can control the disclosure of their personal identity over the Internet. Some of these strategies require significant investment of efforts. Carpenter, Steeves and Abzarian (2016) states that many questions have been raised among academic after the emergence of online identity concept. The concept of Identity have been complicated by online avatars and social networking services. A domain of scholarly research have been created by academ y for responding to such emerging trends such as technoself studies which emphasizes on technological societies and human identity. In the book building virtual communities Druckenmiller and Mittleman (2015) have explored online identity emphasizing on the concept of masking identity. It has been pointed out by then that a Mask of their identity is portrayed by individuals when way interact in social space. The situation is of no difference in online sites and become increasingly pronounced because of decisions Di mistake in relation to their online profiles. They have to answer specific questions in relation to user name address gender age and so on. In addition where once online identity has accrued The Mask of such person is defined by the way in which they write choose topic and vocabulary. The type of mass which is elected by a person over the Internet reviews little about the subject who has selected the mask. This might be called buy one as a metaphor of the mask. The actual identity of the person is not revealed by the online mask. However some hints of what actually lies behind the mask are revealed by i t. For instance weather person selects to act like a cricketer the metaphor would you be an interest in cricket. Where a person refers to hide behind the cyber identity it reveals about that lack of self-esteem and fear behind the false mask (Nakamura 2013). By studying the above literature my perspective about cyber community and cyber identity significantly changed. There is a deep study in relation to the identification of human beings which have recently emphasized on Internet identity. Just like people use a mask in the society they also do it over the Internet to portray themselves as one which they are not. Some people also use Internet identity to indulge in criminal activities and hide the real identity so that they can avoid being caught. I also got to know that the mask which people use with respect to Cyber identity and community they will something about the actual personality. Strategies are adopted by many people through which they can control the disclosure of their personal identity over the Internet. Some of these strategies require significant investment of efforts. A domain of scholarly research have been created by academy for responding to such emerging trends such as technoself studies which emphasizes on technolog ical societies and human identity. I got to know that internet identity is rapidly penetrating the Australian society and taking over the concept of social identity at a great pace. References Roberts, L.D., Indermaur, D. and Spiranovic, C., 2013. Fear of cyber-identity theft and related fraudulent activity.Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,20(3), pp.315-328. Druckenmiller, D.A. and Mittleman, D., 2015, January. A Design Theory for Digital Habitats: Building Virtual Communities of Practice. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 571-580). IEEE. Nakamura, L. and Chow-White, P. eds., 2013.Race after the Internet. Routledge. Nakamura, L., 2013.Cybertypes: Race, ethnicity, and identity on the Internet. Routledge. Carpenter, T.L., Steeves, D. and Abzarian, D., Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc, 2016.Trusted internet identity. U.S. Patent 9,325,705.